What is Tai Chi?
Tai chi is a Chinese martial art that is
primarily practiced for its health benefits, including a means for dealing with
tension and stress. Among the martial arts, there are two basic types: the hard
martial arts and the soft martial arts. The latter are also called internal
arts. Examples of the hard martial arts are karate and kung fu (or wushu).
Examples of the soft martial arts are ba gua and tai chi.
Tai chi emphasizes complete relaxation, and is
essentially a form of meditation, or what has been called "meditation in
motion." Unlike the hard martial arts, tai chi is characterized by soft,
slow, flowing movements that emphasize force, rather than brute strength. Though
it is soft, slow, and flowing, the movements are executed precisely.
Tai Chi arises out of two important
philosophical texts in China: the Tao Te Ching and the I Ching. Though the
title, Tao Te Ching, is translated in different ways, one translation of
the title is "the classic way of integrity." Both of these texts
stress what the Chinese call "chi." Chi is an ancient Chinese notion
designating a form of energy. The term literally means something like
"breath," as does the ancient Greek word from which we get the word
"spirit." According to the philosophy of tai chi, this energy or chi
flows throughout the body, but can become blocked. According to Chinese
medicine, tai chi masters, and tai chi philosophy, one becomes ill when the flow
of the chi through the body becomes blocked. The Chinese recognize several means
for freeing up the flow of chi. Two of the more commonly known forms in this
country are acupuncture and tai chi.
In addition to its physical benefits, tai chi is
said, by the Chinese, to have certain psychological effects as well. Tai Chi, as
a form of meditation, is intended to help one understand oneself and to enable
one to deal with others more effectively. This latter function is rooted in
one's learning to control oneself. This self-control can come about through two
principal notions found in the Tao Te Ching and I Ching. These two notions are
the fundamental Taoist notions of yin and yang. The philosophy of Taoism
understands everything in terms of these two opposing principles. Though these
two principles are seen as opposites, the one necessarily merges into the other,
creating the natural balance of self and world. The tai chi form is meant to
enable one to bring the principles of yin and yang back into their fundamental,
natural harmony. The ultimate effect of this harmony, according to Taoism and
Tai Chi, is one's physical and spiritual well-being.